:root {
  --text: #4e4e4e;
  --heading: #3f3f3f;
  --muted: #777;
  --blue: #3498db;
  --blue-dark: #2577ad;
  --nav: #151515;
  --light: #f2f2f2;
  --lighter: #f8f8f8;
  --border: #e3e3e3;
  --white: #fff;
  --max: 1170px;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 20px;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--white);
  font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: var(--blue-dark); transition: color 160ms ease, background 160ms ease; }
a:hover { color: #174f73; }
button, input, select { font: inherit; }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }

h1, h2, h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--heading);
  font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

h1 { font-size: 44px; }
h2 { font-size: 30px; }
h3 { font-size: 19px; }
p { margin-top: 0; }

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1000;
  top: 8px;
  left: 8px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--blue);
  transform: translateY(-140%);
}

.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }

.content-shell,
.nav-shell,
.footer-shell {
  width: min(calc(100% - 40px), var(--max));
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

/* Header */
.site-header {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 100;
  background: var(--nav);
}

.nav-shell {
  min-height: 92px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 28px;
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.brand img {
  width: 165px;
  height: 60px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}

.nav-links a {
  padding: 7px 10px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  color: #eee;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--white); background: var(--blue); }
.nav-links a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--white); background: #333; }

.menu-button {
  display: none;
  width: 44px;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 8px;
  border: 1px solid #555;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: var(--white);
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.menu-button span {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  margin: 4px auto;
  background: currentColor;
}

/* Home */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 540px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 75px 20px;
  background: url("../images/slider/u_of_t.jpg") center 48% / cover no-repeat;
  text-align: center;
}

.hero-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.62));
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(100%, 900px);
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 2px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.hero-kicker {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: #d7ebf8;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero h1 {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 66px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -1.5px;
}

.hero-content > p:not(.hero-kicker) {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0 auto 28px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(18px, 2vw, 23px);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.hero-actions,
.button-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
}

.hero-actions { justify-content: center; }

.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 9px 19px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--blue);
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.button:hover { color: var(--white); border-color: var(--blue-dark); background: var(--blue-dark); }
.button-light { color: var(--heading); border-color: var(--white); background: var(--white); }
.button-light:hover { color: var(--heading); border-color: #e6e6e6; background: #e6e6e6; }

.affiliation-bar {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--light);
}

.affiliation-bar .content-shell {
  min-height: 62px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 36px;
  color: #666;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.home-content { padding-top: 5px; }

/* Shared sections */
.content-section {
  padding: 60px 0;
}

.content-section + .content-section { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }

.section-heading {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0 auto 42px;
  text-align: center;
}

.section-heading h2 { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 34px; }
.section-heading p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 17px; }

.eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.text-link {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.text-link::after { content: " →"; }
.section-more { margin: 28px 0 0; text-align: center; }

.featured-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 38px 26px;
}

.featured-publication {
  min-width: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 205px 30px minmax(104px, 1fr);
  align-items: start;
  text-align: center;
}

.featured-publication-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 205px;
  margin: 0;
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #d8d8d8;
  background: var(--white);
}

.featured-publication img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.featured-publication .publication-meta {
  margin: 13px 0 0;
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.featured-publication h3 {
  margin: 7px 0 0;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.featured-publication h3 a { color: var(--heading); text-decoration: none; }
.featured-publication h3 a:hover { color: var(--blue-dark); }

.xaira-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 42px;
}

.xaira-section > img {
  width: 220px;
  height: 220px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 7px solid var(--white);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #d7d7d7;
}

.xaira-section h2 { margin-bottom: 14px; font-size: 28px; }
.xaira-section > div > p:not(.eyebrow) { max-width: 790px; margin-bottom: 22px; font-size: 16px; }

.news-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 20px;
}

.news-row {
  padding: 20px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 250px minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 28px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(28, 55, 72, 0.06);
}

.news-row > a { display: block; }
.news-thumbnail {
  width: 100%;
  height: 160px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #e2e2e2;
  background: #f7f7f7;
}
.news-thumbnail img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; }
.news-row time { display: block; margin-bottom: 7px; color: var(--blue-dark); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }
.news-row h3 { margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.35; }
.news-row h3 a { color: var(--heading); text-decoration: none; }
.news-row h3 a:hover { color: var(--blue-dark); }
.news-row p { max-width: 850px; margin: 0; color: #666; }

.simple-cta {
  margin: 10px 0 60px;
  padding: 35px 40px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
  border: 1px solid #d8e7f0;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--blue);
  background: #eef7fc;
}

.simple-cta h2 { margin-bottom: 7px; font-size: 25px; }
.simple-cta p { max-width: 760px; margin: 0; }
.simple-cta .button { flex: 0 0 auto; }

/* Interior page banner */
.page-banner {
  padding: 52px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--light);
  text-align: center;
}

.page-banner .content-shell { max-width: 850px; }
.page-banner h1 { margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 42px; letter-spacing: -1px; }
.page-banner p:last-child { margin: 0 auto; color: #666; font-size: 17px; }

/* Research */
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 28px;
}

.research-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--white);
}

.card-image {
  height: 210px;
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--light);
}

.card-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.research-card-content { padding: 22px; }
.research-card h3 { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.research-card h3 a { color: var(--heading); text-decoration: none; }
.research-card h3 a:hover { color: var(--blue-dark); }
.research-card-content > p:not(.eyebrow) { min-height: 98px; margin-bottom: 14px; color: #666; }

.muted-section {
  margin-bottom: 55px;
  padding-right: 38px;
  padding-left: 38px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border) !important;
  background: var(--lighter);
}

.principles-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
}

.principles-grid article { padding: 0 28px; border-left: 1px solid var(--border); }
.principles-grid article:first-child { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
.principles-grid article:last-child { padding-right: 0; }
.principles-grid h3 { margin-bottom: 8px; }
.principles-grid p { margin: 0; color: #666; }

/* Publications */
.filter-bar {
  padding: 20px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 180px;
  gap: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--lighter);
}

.filter-bar label span {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  display: block;
  color: #666;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.filter-bar input,
.filter-bar select {
  width: 100%;
  height: 42px;
  padding: 8px 11px;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 2px;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--white);
}

.filter-bar input:focus,
.filter-bar select:focus { outline: 2px solid rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.25); border-color: var(--blue); }

.result-count { margin: 15px 0 8px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }
.publication-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }

.publication-row {
  padding: 22px 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.publication-year { color: var(--blue-dark); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; }
.publication-copy h3 { margin-bottom: 5px; font-size: 18px; }
.publication-copy h3 a { color: var(--heading); text-decoration: none; }
.publication-copy h3 a:hover { color: var(--blue-dark); }
.publication-authors { margin-bottom: 4px; color: #666; }
.publication-venue { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }
.source-note { margin: 28px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }

/* People */
.profile-feature {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 310px minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 48px;
}

.profile-feature > img {
  width: 310px;
  height: 310px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.profile-feature h2 { margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: 36px; }
.profile-title { margin-bottom: 14px; color: var(--blue-dark); font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; }
.roles { margin: 0 0 17px; padding-left: 20px; color: #666; }

.people-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 25px;
}

.person-card { border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--white); }
.person-card img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; object-fit: cover; object-position: center top; background: var(--light); }
.person-card > div { padding: 16px; }
.person-card h3 { margin-bottom: 2px; font-size: 17px; }
.person-card strong { color: var(--blue-dark); font-size: 13px; }
.person-card p { margin: 7px 0 0; color: #666; font-size: 13px; }

/* Gallery */
.gallery-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 28px;
}

.gallery-card { margin: 0; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--white); }
.gallery-card img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; object-fit: cover; }
.gallery-card figcaption { padding: 13px 15px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; }
.gallery-card figcaption span { color: var(--muted); }

/* Positions, teaching, contact */
.positions-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }

.positions-list article {
  padding: 30px 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 240px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 30px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.positions-list h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 23px; }
.positions-list p { max-width: 650px; margin: 0; color: #666; }

.application-section { max-width: 900px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; }
.application-section h2 { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.teaching-panel { max-width: 800px; }
.teaching-panel h2 { margin-bottom: 10px; }

.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.9fr 1.1fr;
  gap: 70px;
}

.contact-links { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.contact-links a { padding: 18px 4px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); color: var(--heading); text-decoration: none; }
.contact-links a:hover strong { color: var(--blue-dark); }
.contact-links span { color: var(--muted); text-align: right; }

/* Footer */
.site-footer { color: #bbb; background: var(--nav); }

.footer-shell {
  padding-top: 38px;
  padding-bottom: 22px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 28px 60px;
}

.footer-shell img { width: 145px; height: 52px; object-fit: contain; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.footer-shell p { max-width: 500px; margin: 0; }
.footer-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 8px 20px; }
.footer-links a { color: #ddd; text-decoration: none; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--white); }

.footer-bottom {
  padding-top: 19px;
  display: flex;
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid #333;
  color: #888;
  font-size: 12px;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 1060px) {
  .nav-links { gap: 1px; }
  .nav-links a { padding-right: 7px; padding-left: 7px; font-size: 13px; }
  .people-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .nav-shell { min-height: 80px; }
  .brand img { width: 145px; height: 52px; }
  .menu-button { display: block; }
  .nav-links {
    position: absolute;
    top: 80px;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    max-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: block;
    background: var(--nav);
    transition: max-height 180ms ease;
  }
  .nav-links.open { max-height: 480px; padding: 8px 20px 18px; border-top: 1px solid #333; }
  .nav-links a { padding: 10px 12px; display: block; }
  .featured-grid, .people-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .xaira-section { grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 30px; }
  .xaira-section > img { width: 180px; height: 180px; }
  .profile-feature { grid-template-columns: 240px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 35px; }
  .profile-feature > img { width: 240px; height: 240px; }
  .positions-list article { grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .positions-list .button { grid-column: 2; justify-self: start; }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .content-shell, .nav-shell, .footer-shell { width: min(calc(100% - 28px), var(--max)); }
  h1 { font-size: 36px; }
  h2 { font-size: 27px; }
  .hero { min-height: 490px; padding: 60px 18px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: 44px; }
  .hero-content > p:not(.hero-kicker) { font-size: 18px; }
  .affiliation-bar .content-shell { padding: 14px 0; gap: 6px 18px; font-size: 12px; }
  .content-section { padding: 45px 0; }
  .section-heading { margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .section-heading h2 { font-size: 29px; }
  .featured-grid, .research-grid, .people-grid, .gallery-grid, .principles-grid, .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .featured-publication { grid-template-rows: 245px auto auto; }
  .featured-publication-image { height: 245px; }
  .xaira-section, .profile-feature { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; }
  .xaira-section > img, .profile-feature > img { margin: 0 auto; }
  .xaira-section .button-row, .profile-feature .button-row { justify-content: center; }
  .news-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }
  .news-thumbnail { height: 210px; }
  .simple-cta { padding: 28px 25px; align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; }
  .page-banner { padding: 42px 0; }
  .page-banner h1 { font-size: 34px; }
  .principles-grid article { padding: 20px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); border-left: 0; }
  .principles-grid article:first-child { padding-top: 0; border-top: 0; }
  .principles-grid article:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
  .filter-bar { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .publication-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 5px; }
  .profile-feature > img { width: 230px; height: 230px; }
  .positions-list article { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .positions-list .button { grid-column: auto; }
  .contact-grid { gap: 42px; }
  .contact-links a { flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }
  .contact-links span { text-align: left; }
  .footer-shell { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-links { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition: none !important; }
}